Saturday, May 23, 2020

Economic Impact Of The Climate Change On The Southeastern...

Economic Impacts of the Climate Change in the Southeastern Region of the U.S. and Texas Presented to Prof. Robin Kessler Prepared by Daniel Aru BA 3350 November 5, 2015 Table of Contents: Executive summary ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 General trends ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Texas ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 Conclusion ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Recommendations†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Rising mortality rates. Some recommendations that may decrease the economic impacts of the climate change: †¢ Change everyday business practices to become more resilient. †¢ Incorporate climate risk assessment in to capital expenditure and balance sheets. †¢ Institute policies to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Introduction: Climate change is a real issue that can lead to severe economic losses to the public and private sectors of the U.S., not mentioning human casualties. This report focuses on the general effects of the climate change in the economic sector affecting businesses specifically in the Southeastern region of the U.S. and Texas. Climate change will cost millions of dollars in labor productivity decline, energy demand will significantly increase, and the agricultural sector will suffer considerably losses. General Trends The southeastern United States and Texas will face significant economic risks from the continuous climate change. The risks vary from different states, which will be explained in general. Texas is going to be focused deeply in separate. Despite the variability in each region, we can identify some general trends in how the states in the southeastern United States and Texas will react to the climate change. †¢ Increasing heat: the southeastern region of the U.S. is more likely to have a considerably rise in temperature than any other region of the nation. Residents may have two to four times more days with temperatures

Monday, May 18, 2020

Program Theory And Logic Models - 909 Words

Julie Thao Assignment 2: Program Theory and Logic Models HAS 369 Section 02 October 6th, 2015 Section 1 1. In general the purpose of the Functional Family Therapy Program is a short-term family-based prevention and intervention treatment applied across various context for treatment of at-risk and juvenile adolescents to address delinquent and behavior problems in hopes to modify community relations. The specific activities offered by the program are develop systemic and individualized family-based orientation to address behavioral problems of at-risk and juvenile delinquent adolescents. Participants then undergo three specific intervention phases in sequence: engagement and motivation, behavior change, and generalization. Each phase holds goals with assessment objectives, addressing different risk and protective aspects necessary for specific techniques from professions to address family and individual disruption. 2. The characteristics and backgrounds of the people served by this program are diverse populations, underserved, at-risk adolescents and delinquent juveniles between the ages of 11 and 18 including their families. These individuals lacked resources, were a challenge to help, and appeared unmotivated to change. A common factor these underserved populations held together were upon entrance to social services individuals expressed emotions of anger, hopelessness, and resistance to treatment. 3. The inputs needed to implement this program are the competent andShow MoreRelatedEvaluation And Evaluation Of Evaluation1144 Words   |  5 PagesIntro Evaluation theory is a broad term, there are many different theories and models to follow in an evaluation. An evaluator can pick any when doing an evaluation, however each as a ground framework they start with. That starting theory can show up when they first begin an evaluation. However the evaluation determines the theory used to best address the problem or program being evaluated. I interviewed an evaluator, Person A, who explained that every evaluation and assessment is unique, so herRead MoreTheory Of Evaluator s Practice1164 Words   |  5 PagesTheory in Evaluator s Practice Evaluation theory is a broad term, there are many different theories and models to follow in an evaluation. An evaluator can pick any when doing an evaluation, however each as a ground framework they start with. That starting theory can show up when they first begin an evaluation. However the evaluation determines the theory used to best address the problem or program being evaluated. I interviewed an evaluator, Person A, who explained that every evaluation and assessmentRead MoreLogic Models1480 Words   |  6 PagesEverything You Wanted to Know About Logic Models But Were Afraid to Ask This paper addresses situations where a private foundation designs an initiative and awards grants to a number of sites to participate in the initiative in their local setting. The basic ideas are applicable to other situations. What is a Logic Model? The term logic model comes from the evaluation field, but these models don’t just belong to evaluators or the evaluation plan. As the term suggests, they are a basicRead MoreThe Process Of A Student1124 Words   |  5 Pagesreferrals for the patient on to the agencies that will be providing the services. The next stage in the logic model is outputs. In case management this would be the patients receiving the services we helped them sign up for. To make sure that this happens the interns have to call places that they have faxed the patient’s information to, to see if and when they will be accepted into that program. If they will not be accepted the student needs to bring the patient back in and find a different solutionRead MoreQuiz Questions On Consumer Oriented Evaluation Approach Essay733 Words   |  3 Pagesevaluation basically relies on professional expertise to judge the quality of an institution, program, product or activity. For example a teacher training program could be assessed by experts from different fields including instructional material, pedagogy, educational administration and leadership. Professional evaluators would observe the program in action and examine its theory and material, interview program staff, and interview the beneficiaries to come out with a decision based on his examinationRead MorePublic Policy And Public Health1031 Words   |  5 Pagesresources, incentives, and deterrents to promote active lifestyles, and at the local level, even family policies control physical activity environments at home. Policy Evaluation – Outcome versus Process Logic models have been widely used for planning and evaluation of public policies (CITE). A logic model represents the chain of expected effects that link a public policy to change: while it addresses the question â€Å"does it work?† by better understanding how the policy is meant to operate, it is often difficultRead MoreEvaluation And Applied Research Methods1068 Words   |  5 PagesWorkshop in evaluation and applied research methods Question 1 Occupational health psychology workshop In the first workshop, Professor Semmer introduced Occupational health psychology in general. Because of its crucial role in work setting, more programs aiming at improving occupational health are flourishing. This is where evaluation is needed. The purpose of Occupational health psychology is to improve the quality of work life, and to protect and promote safety, health and well-being of workersRead MoreLogic And Logic Of Computer Science And Computers1355 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneral. A historical background behind logic and Logical reasoning is firstly given, followed by an overview of the modern subject and the types it’s divided into. The types are then explained. The overlap between the field of logic and that of computer science is also given an explanation. The report ends with a brief overview on the subject and its tie to computer science and computing. 2. History of Logic and Reasoning 2.1 Logic in Greece and Europe The term â€Å"Logic† hails from the ancient Greek wordRead MoreFormal Mathematical Methods And Hardware Systems1729 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review Formal mathematical methods are system designs that utilize specific rigorous mathematical models in the production of software and hardware systems. The methods are unique in comparison with other methods for they utilize mathematical proof as a complement to system testing so as to ensure a perfect behavior. A formal approach to system designs ensures safety due to the complicated nature of systems. The use of formal verification schemes creates the difference between formalRead MoreFuzzy Logic Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesFuzzy Logic Fuzzy Logic is a term used to identify a new trend of quantifying partial truths. One disadvantage of most rule sets that they cannot process inconsistent data. Fuzzy logic is a superset of conventional logic that has been extended to handle the concept of partial truth, being values that lie between completely true and completely untrue. Dr. Lotfi Zadeth of UC/Berkley first introduced it in the 1960s as a means of modeling the uncertainty of natural language. All this

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Discuss Joyce’s Use of Free Indirect Discourse in...

James Joyce Discuss Joyce’s use of free indirect discourse in Counterparts and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Joyce utilises free indirect discourse to convey the sense of an individual processing the world around him in an idiosyncratically subjective way. In many of Joyce’s portraits, whether of his Dubliners or of his semi-autobiographical Stephen Dedalus, the narrative is confined by the limitations of the character’s state of mind; as the individual consciousness pervades the narrative, Joyce is able to retain an authorial distance which can disorientate his readers to an arguably greater effect than stream-of-consciousness, or indeed any other type of narrative. In its hybrid of characteristics of both direct†¦show more content†¦As Alleyne berates the clerk for taking an additional hour for his lunch break, the implication is not immediately apparent that Farrington is in the full throes of alcoholism and spends this time in O’Neill’s. However, as his boss fatuously questions how many courses he wants for lunch, Farrington becomes transfixed upon t he head that is described as ‘polished’. The use of such a word may remind Farrington of polished glasses in an alehouse but it is certainly a word Farrington himself associates with alcohol. Indeed, the association between his work and alcoholism is completed upon the celebration of his wit in Davy Byrne’s tavern: ‘At this Farrington told the boys to polish that off and have another’. Thus, the use of the word ‘polishes’ engenders a transition in his mind between the workplace and the tavern, which in turn brings about the physical transition between the two. This transition seems to come about, ironically, as a result of Alleyne’s inadvertent comments about time spent in O’Neills. Thus, the narrative becomes suffused with the speech patterns of the character. That this should be more obvious within the public houses is fitting, as it within them that Farrington feels most within his element. In the scenes with his drinking mates, theShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespermission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Police Policing And Community Policing - 1513 Words

Community Policing How effective is community policing? Community policing has several different definitions. In this paper I will prove that community policing is effective by defining, community policing as the police and citizens coming together to create a safe community, stop crime and resolve problems and also urgently responding to the community. Throughout many years, the people’s view of community policing have remained the same. There are some valid causes as to why law enforcement leaders consider that it is time to change the way policing labors so that they are effectively helping the community. The way that community policing was trained in the past is not necessarily efficient in today’s society. For example, catastrophes in our communities continue to increase the need for security, citizens loose the feeling of protection and wellbeing, and this can be fixed by presenting advanced policing strategies. Law enforcement leaders are beginning to recognize t hat they must accept the responsibility for the safety of their communities. Community policing is as a law enforcement tactic enforced to progress a stronger connection between the police and the community. The fundamental idea following community policing is that the community should be willingly involved with law enforcement leaders to help resolve problems. While that may seem exceptionally simple, law enforcement leaders should acknowledge that the community should be involved in theShow MoreRelatedPolice Policing And Community Policing Essay1245 Words   |  5 PagesIntro There are a series of variations of the definition of community policing. Community policing is a system ran for police officers within communities so that they can become familiar with local citizens. In majority of cities, the relationship that is already between officers and community citizens end up going wrong because not the ‘right’ officer gets put where they need to be. State officials hire officers from small towns and put them in the city, or it’s the case where city officers areRead MoreCommunity Policing And The Police1755 Words   |  8 PagesCommunity policing can be dated back to the early nineteenth century. In 1829 Sir Robert Peel created the Metropolitan Police when he served as Home Secretary of England. According to Peel, the real key for policing is â€Å"the police are the people and the people are the police†. Peel believed that prevention of crime could be accomplished without intruding into the lives of the citizens. His first principle was that the â€Å"basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder†Read MoreCommunity Policing And The Police Essay2008 Words   |  9 Pages Community policing is a police procedure forced to make a superior relationship between the police and the group. Community policing is characterized as a synergistic exertion between the police and the group that distinguishes issues of wrongdoing and clutter and includes all components of the Community in the look for answers for these issues. Does people group based policing achieve social orders coveted result and desires? This is one of many inquiries we may have about the genuinely new andRead MorePolice Enforcement And Community Policing1444 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to COPS and the U.S. Department of Justice, community policing begins with a commitment to building trust and respect between police and communities. Many police department and citizens within the communities collaborate and they more effectively address underlying issues, change negative behavioral patterns, and allocate resources. Bureau of Justice Statistics defines community policing as, â€Å"A philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnershipsRead MorePolice Enforcement And Community Policing1657 Words   |  7 Pages Over the past few decades community policing has become a new trend in law enforcement. A majority of contemporary police departments now claim to use community policing. Community policing builds on basic policing practices with an emphasis on crime prevention and lasting solutions to problems. Community policing was established in the 1970s, but did not become popular until the 1990s. The goal of community policing is to rebuild the bond between citizens and police officers, while at the sameRead MorePolice Enforcement And Community Policing849 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Since the surface of Community policing in the 1970’s and making the mark of influence on the strategies of policing throughout the United States, community policing has slowly become the direction of police interaction (Sozer and Merlo, 2013). Originally, having a breakthrough of helping reduce crime in the larger cities of America, smaller cities took the initiative and began the tactic of using community policing in the same efforts to reduce crime in local communities (Sozer and Merlo, 2013)Read MoreCommunity Policing And The Police Department Essay2270 Words   |  10 PagesCommunity policing began in the 1980s, based off of work performed at Michigan Sate University (Police Studies Book). However, the Anytown Police Department has not been a part of this method of policing until now. The department’s management feels that community policing would be effective to treat several issues we have been experiencing of late, including our faltering relationship with min orities and with the poor and middle classes. Many, broad sweeping, changes will need to be made to the departmentRead MorePolice Agencies Implement Community Policing, And Problem Oriented Policing Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pages Do Canadian police agencies implement community policing, and problem oriented policing? and if so do they work? In this paper, this paper will examine the two different styles of policing in a contemporary society. Community policing where the main emphasis is that the police and the community work together on issues, and problem-oriented policing where the police try and understand specific issues within the community. It will also examine several examples of different policing agencies in CanadaRead MorePolice Presence And Implementing Community Policing2096 Words   |  9 Pagesyou ever wondered why our communities are struggling, neighbors are fighting and everyone is against one another? This is because as a community not everyone is working on th e mission to provide a safe and clean environment. A community includes residents, law enforcers, and government officials all working cohesively to provide better quality of life in our neighborhoods. In today’s society, we are trying to focus on the third era of policing known as community policing where the goal is to improveRead MoreCommunity Policing : A New Partnership Between The Police And The Community1285 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity policing is now widely spread around the world due to its overwhelming popularity and effectiveness. This policing model is even being â€Å"sold† as perhaps the best policing model for modern society. Trojanowicz and Bucqueroux define community policing as â€Å"a philosophical and an organizational strategy that promotes a new partnership between the people and their police† (Trojanowicz and Bucqueroux p.6). The central idea of such policing is to create a sustainable partnership between the police

Factors to Consider When Deciding on Which Market Segment to Venture Free Essays

Question1(a) Factors to consider when deciding on the segments to serve as a market * Population The density of the people in a given place is a very important aspect to consider when segmenting a market . A densely populated area is usually preferred as a destiny to market the product. * Consumer behaviour How a consumer perceives when purchasing or deciding to purchase a product is very vital. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors to Consider When Deciding on Which Market Segment to Venture or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Social class Different consumers have different classes . in this case a seller should consider the class of the various consumers before deciding on which segment to choose or segmenting the consumers into certain target group * Attitude towards the product Different consumers have different perspective about the product in different regions ,consumer’s attitudes about the product in place should be factored in when deciding on the market segment * Religion Different consumers have different religions and in this case some may not consume a certain product based on their religion, a good marketer evaluates the demographic and cultural factors before venturing and selecting the appropriate market segment. Question 1(b) Message execution style to capture the target markets attention and interest Packaging style How the goods appear to the consumer influences his/her buying decision ,thus how the labels, container appears determines a lot on how the consumer creates interest in that product Brand name Most consumers have become constituent in in purchasing or consuming certain products and they will always look for these products with the brand name they are used to. Clear descriptions How the product description in terms of how it is used ,its ingredients, determines a lot how that product will capture the attention of the consumers. Shapes and sizes Consumers belong to different classes and how the products are broken down into different sizes and shape determines how that product will capture the attention of the buyer Price Most consumers prefer a quality product with a reasonable cost ,in this case the seller should consider competitors before setting his/hers price inorder to avoid customer loss through higher prices. Question 2(a) Components of the marketing information systems I. Internal reporting system This involves the records of income ,expenditure, creditor or debtors and consumers II. Marketing intelligence This involves getting information from another different person to get to know whether you are performing in the market or not III. Marketing research This involves identification of a problem and finding a solution to that problem IV. Marketing models This involves the use of time series ,linear programming ,analysis of variance ,progression analysis, sensitivity analysis, in trying how the market operates Uses and functions of public relations to organization a) Used to inform consumers about the new product in the market, through public relation consumers get to know about the new product in the market b) Used to teach the consumers on how to use the new product in the market . It is through public relation that the consumers are taught how to use the new product in the market. c) Enables consumers to know where and how to get the organizational goods d) Used in link ling the consumer with the organization thus public relation facilities then bringing of the gap between consumers and the organization Importance of public relation to the organization i) Creates good image of an organization. An organizations image is sustained through public relation. i) Public relations enhances the product awareness that is marketing of organizational product is enhanced iii) Public relations enables the establishment of long and lasting relationship with the consumers iv) Creation of trust about the organizational products by the consumers, due to a close relation by the consumers the organization product will be trusted by the consumers Question 3(. a) Product development process a) Idea generation The product to be developed is established at this very vital stage ,idea generation can be through archives ,business journals or successful entrepreneurs . b) Idea screening The idea found is measured and its viability weighed before further developments Concept development and testing c) Concept development and screening How to create the product and addition of more features to make the product and testing. d) Business analysis The market is analysed whether the product will fit in the market or not? ) Product development The product itself is then developed that is all the features encompassed to the product and forming the final the product. f) Market testing Product is taken to the market may be taken in samples or the product is fully released to the market g) Communication and adoption After testing the market and finding that it is performing ,large volumes of products are then produced for commercialization 3(b) Methods available to a firm to set their advertising budget C ost analysis A firm considers the various media and avenues to be used and the costs to be associated with each the media to be used should not be too costly to the extent of eating on the profits Market analysis A firm measures the available market and conducts a swot analysis thus a firm will play their advertising budget depending on the competitors ability and the general market competitiveness. Target population A firm will set their advertising budget basing on the geographical area of the targeted population Product nature The nature of the product will have to be put into consideration when planning for the advertising budget, If the product is highly involved or it is a new product then it requires allocation of more funds. 4(a)Role played by the middlemen in distribution of goods Breaking of bulk Some middlemen may modify the shapes and size of the product into flexible and portable items for ease of transportation or storage. Location Middlemen enable consumers to obtain goods easily by availing themselves in strategic places convenient to the consumer. Repackaging of goods Middle men pack products into desired packages such as containers Disseminating information Middlemen get first hand information about products from the consumers and submit the data to manufacturing firms for marketing research ,and also giving vital information to the consumers about the product(manufacturer) 4(b)New product pricing strategies a) Cost based strategy A marketer will price the product based on the inputs used when manufacturing the product. b) Competitor based strategy A marketer will price his/her goods based on the price of the competitor goods. c) consumer based strategy A consumer is the king/queen of the market and the marketer will price his goods basing on the willingness and ability of the consumer to purchase that product in that price. d)product based strategy a marketer will price his goods based on the nature of the product Question 5a. major influencers on consumers purchase behaviour 1. Culture the cultural belief and norms of the consumer will influence his /her purchasing behaviour. 2. Social factors such as the family ,age, occupation will influence a lot on how the consumer will purchase the product. . Personal factors such as the attitude and economic status of the individual will influence his/her decision to purchase a product. 4. Phys logical factors like personal attributes will affect a consumers purchasing behaviour 5b stages in a buyers decision making process for a major purchase a) Awareness a consumer should get to know all about the product he/she wants to purchase b) Interest a consumer then develops the interest for the p roduct. ) Evaluation a consumer will then evaluate the product in questions based on various alternatives d) Trial after a consumer has chosen the right product he/she will then put it on trial e) Adoption if the consumers likes the product he/she will then make a purchase question 6. (a)elements of the promotion mix dvertising Refers to any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas,goods and services of an identified sponsor personal selling refers to face to face persuasion of a prospective buyer to buy a product publicity refers to a non paid promotion of ideas ,presentation of products and doesn’t necessarily need an identified sponsor sales promotion refers to activities that stimulates consumer purchasing 6b. trategies that can be used in the stages of the product lifecycle a) Introduction stage it is the initial stage of product development and its characterised by low sales ,low profit or nil profit the marketing strategy to be employed at this sta ge is the promotional strategy. b) Growth stage there is a steady rise in profits ,increased sales and established market share at this stage the marketer can diversify the product to increase its outlook and market stability. ) Maturity stage at this stage the profits begin to decline as there new entrances in the market strategy to be employed here is diversification or turn around. d) Decline stage here the sales become completely low or none ,profits diminish and cost of production super cedes the revenue the best strategy to approach as a marketer or marketing manager is withdrawal from the market or diversification. How to cite Factors to Consider When Deciding on Which Market Segment to Venture, Papers

Business and Human Resources Professionals †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business and Human Resources Professionals. Answer: Introduction In most of the workplaces in Ontario, minimum standards have been provided for the majority of employees through the Employment Standards Act, 2000 (Ontario, 2018). The given case study has been analysed in this context management. Where the employer makes substantial changes in terms of employment of employee without their consent, the employee can end their employment and claim severance pay under constructive dismissal (Filsinger, 2014). Here, Sophie and Miguel can do so as their salaries were brought down and their job profile was changed which is a substantial change. Wrongful dismissal is a situation where the employee is dismissed wrongfully with the employee being given with a notice of termination or the requisite fair pay in lieu of notice (Filsinger, 2014). In the given case study, there is nothing to show that the balance Slapp employees were given notice of termination or fair pay in lieu of notice. So, they can raise claim for wrongful dismissal. Termination for cause refers to the employee being terminated where they are guilty of serious misconduct, incompetence, habitual neglect of duty, guilty of wilful disobedience, incapability in fulfilling duties, and biased towards business of employer (Filsinger, 2014). Dave can be dismissed on these grounds as he had habit of neglecting duty and indulged in serious misconduct in terms of abusing the VP. This claim would be successful as Dave had been given feedback in past and had also undergone progressive discipline, where he had been warned about his job performance and bad behaviour. Where Dave raises a case of dismissal without cause, it would not be successful as there are proper reasons behind his dismissal. Thus, the aforementioned claims under the Ontario employment standards can be raised in this case management. References Filsinger, K.J. (2014). Employment Law for Business and Human Resources Professionals (3rd ed.). Toronto: Emond Publishing. Ontario. (2018). Your guide to the Employment Standards Act. Retrieved from: https://www.ontario.ca/document/your-guide-employment-standards-act

Friday, May 1, 2020

LLB British Law Criminal Law

Question: Describe about the LLB British Law for criminal law? Answer: Liability for Criminal Damage in the United Kingdom By the term criminal damage we mean the damage caused to any property by an individual. In cases when the damage caused to property is deemed to be criminal, a case is brought against such individual in a criminal court. The legislation applicable in cases of damage to property is the Criminal Damage Act of 1971(referred to as the Act') in the United Kingdom. This is the primary legislation in the United Kingdom dealing with the subject. Earlier the Malicious Damages Act, 1861 was the legislation that dealt with criminal damage to property. Under the Act, criminal damage is said to occur when an individual intentionally damages property belonging to other individuals. Such intentional act is generally not backed by a lawful excuse. In such a case, the individual who engages in the act of damaging property would be held guilty of the offence of criminal damage. Thus, from the above definition we may derive the following elements of the offence of criminal damage; There must have been damage Such damage must have been caused to property The property must belong to other individuals No lawful excuse for the act of damaging property Existence of intention to cause the damage or recklessness as regards the causing of damage Damage No specific definition of damage has been laid down under the Act. The courts determine the existence of damage depending upon the circumstances of each case. However, the courts determine damage by considering the following factors; It is not necessary that damage caused should be permanent. It would result in damage even if paint or mud is smeared on a property. It is not necessary that the damage should be visible. Even if the damage is not visible if the proper running of the property is affected then it would be regarded that the property has been damaged. Recklessness To establish criminal damage, the fact that the defendant acted in a reckless manner has to be proved. The definition of recklessness has been laid down under Section 1 of the Act. As per the provisions of Section 1 of the Act a person is said to be regarded as having acted recklessly as regards; A circumstance, in case, he/ she is well aware of the risk associated A consequence, in case, he/ she is aware of the risk that would occur Additionally, in the given circumstance, it is unreasonable for the person concerned to undertake the risk. The terms recklessness and intention are used interchangeably. Establishing one would suffice. Property The definition of property has been laid down under Section 10 of the Act. Belonging To Other Individual Property said to belong to a person When he/ she has custody or control over the property When he/ she has a right over the property When he/ she has a charge over the property. Without Lawful Excuse Section 5 of the Act lays down a list of lawful excuses that may form a defence in an action for criminal damage to property. If damage does not fall under any of these grounds, it would be considered to be damage under the Act. These include; If the person believes that consent was given by the property owner If the person caused the damage to protect his/ her own property, in case, the said property was in need of protection and the way adopted to protect the property was reasonable. Intention To Endanger Life Under Section 2 of the Act the act of damaging property so as to cause harm to life of another or being reckless as to the fact of endangering the life of another is an offence. Penalty And Sentencing In case, a person is found guilty under the provisions of the Act then; If the damage caused is less than 5,000 the offender would be subjected to a maximum sentence of imprisonment for six months. If the damage is over 5,000 then the offender would be subjected to imprisonment for a maximum period of ten years. Criminal Liability of Rohit In order to determine the criminal liability of Rohit in the instant case we would look into the circumstances of the case in the light of the above legal principles. In the instant case the actions of Rohit; Caused damage to the property of Bloke's Bar The said damage was caused to the property of Bloke's bar, i.e., the property of another individual There was no lawful excuse to Rohit for damaging the property belonging to Bloke's Bar Rohit intended to cause damage to the property In fact, when he was asked to stop, he threatened to damage or destroy all the antique property of the bar. Moreover, his actions do not fall under the provisions of Section 5 of the Act. His action was reckless Thus, we may conclude that Rohit is criminally liable for the damage caused to the property of Bloke's Bar under the provisions of the Act. The sentencing of Rohit would depend upon the estimate of the damage caused. Criminal Liability of Umut Considering the actions of Umut in the light of the aforesaid legal provisions, we may derive the following; Umut put the bar counter on fire, intentionally. The property of Bloke's bar belonged to the employer of Umut, thus, he caused damaged to property belonging to another. There was no lawful excuse for the said action of Umut. His actions do not fall under the provisions of Section 5 of the Act. Thus, we may conclude that Umut has also committed the offence of causing damage to property of other individual under the provisions of the Act. The sentencing of Umut would depend on the estimation of the damage caused as a consequence of his action. Though, it seems that the damage caused would be way above 5,000. References [accessed 29 July 2015]. Baker, D, G Williams, Textbook of criminal law. in , London, Sweet Maxwell, 2012. Dubber, M, T HoÃÅ'ˆrnle, The Oxford handbook of criminal law. in . Duff, A, The boundaries of the criminal law. in , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010. Duff, A, The constitution of the criminal law. in , Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2013. Hooper, A, D Ormerod, P Murphy, B Leveson, J Phillips, D Atkinson, Blackstone's criminal practice, 2012. in , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011. Monaghan, N, Criminal Law Directions. in , Oxford, OUP Oxford, 2012. Ormerod, D, J Smith, B Hogan, D Ormerod, Smith and Hogan's criminal law. in , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011. [accessed 29 July 2015]. D Baker G Williams, Textbook of criminal law, in , London, Sweet Maxwell, 2012. M Dubber T HoÃÅ'ˆrnle, The Oxford handbook of criminal law, in . A Duff, The boundaries of the criminal law, in , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010. A Duff, The constitution of the criminal law, in , Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2013. N Monaghan, Criminal Law Directions, in , Oxford, OUP Oxford, 2012. D Ormerod et al., Smith and Hogan's criminal law, in , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011. A Hooper et al., Blackstone's criminal practice, 2012, in , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011.